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Abstract Background Ecological attributes estimated from food web models have the potential to be indicators of good environmental status given their capabilities to describe redundancy, food web changes, and sensitivity to fishing. They can be used as a baseline to show how they might be modified in the future with human impacts such as climate

Abstract The importance of an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management (EAFM) has been highlighted by the Directorate General MARE, the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), the International Water Center (IWC) and the North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission (NAMMCO), among others. FAO